Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage

Vadim Azarov; Vadim Kutenev

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14

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Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage

Vadim Azarov, Vadim Kutenev

Published in American Journal of Artificial Intelligence (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 17 August 2021 Accepted: 29 September 2021 Published: 25 November 2021

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Abstract

Currently, the planet population is terrified of the deaths of more than 4 million people from the coronavirus as they do not know that, according to the WHO, about 8 million of the population die annually in silence from urban atmosphere pollution by and with hazardous substances and particulate matters from the industry and automobile transport operation. These materials show the results of Russian studies proving that current urban pollution shall be defined not only by hazardous substances and particulate matters emitted with vehicle exhaust gases, but also by particulate matters from vehicle operation, first of all, from asphalt roadway wear, from tyre wear and from brake systems wear, which are not legally regulated either by nations or at the international level (UN Regulations) yet. The Russian studies (2015-2017) are presented regarding the comparative analysis of average emissions of particulate matters less than 2.5 microns (µm) from different sources: with exhaust gases (EG) (25%); from wear of brake systems (5%); from wear of tyres (8%) and from wear of roadways (65%), which were substantially confirmed by the studies conducted in Great Britain: from EG – 32%; from tyres – 18%; from brakes – 18% and from wear of roadways – 40%. Based on these results of the comprehensive studies, calculations of economic damage caused by the ecological situations and technogenic disasters of the current and future periods analyzed above, which amount to 65 quadrillion (65•1015) US dollars for the today's world and ca. 100 million dollars for the Russian Federation. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2018, 9 out of 10 people around the world breathe air with high concentrations of pollutants. For that very reason, from 7 to 8 million people die annually because of the consequences of breathing the air containing particulate matters less than 2.5-10 µm in size which are able to penetrate deep inside the lungs and cardiovascular system, causing such diseases as stroke, cardiac diseases, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory infections, including pneumonia.

Published in	American Journal of Artificial Intelligence (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14
Page(s)	76-81
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Urban Atmosphere Pollution, Particulate Matters, Hazardous Cancerogenic Substances, Automobile Transport, Fuel Types, Driving Modes

References

[1]	World Health Organization, 2014 https://www.who.int/publications/list/2014/ru/.
[2]	https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/detail/02-05-2018-9-out-of-10-people-worldwide-breathe-polluted-air-but-more-countries-are-taking-action.
[3]	Energy Policy. Public Business Science Magazine, No. 7 (161), 2021.
[4]	V. K. Azarov, V. F. Kutenev. On Environmental Hazard of Active Usage of Non-renewable Resources by Machine-Building and Motor Transport Complexes // "Ecology and Industry of Russia" Journal. - M., 2014. - September. -P. 39-43.
[5]	Azarov V. K, Gaysin S. V., Koutenev V. F. On Investment Efficiency Increase in Order to Reduce Atmospheric Pollution In Cities. Annali d’Italia journal No. 4, 2020, p. 21-27.
[6]	ECE/TRANS/WP. 29 Reports of the Russian Federation over the period from 2013 to 2020 at the sessions of the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations WP-29 of the UNECE ITC on non-exhaust emissions of particulate matters in the atmospheric air of cities, caused by tire and roadway wear.
[7]	S. V. Gaysin and V. F. Koutenev Current issues of ensuring human safety in process of vehicles operation 2020 IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 819 01/2019.
[8]	https://www.who.int/violence_injury_safety_status/report/ru/.
[9]	https://www.google.com/search.
[10]	https://countrymeters.info/ru/World.
[11]	Aganbegyan A. Achieving Higher Levels of Life Span in Russia. Economic policy. 2012; (2): 134-156.
[12]	Bowland B. J., Beghin J. C. Robust estimates of value of a statistical life for developing economies: An application and mortality in Santiago. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development. Iowa State University. Working Paper. 1998; (214). URL: https://www.card.iastate.edu/products/publications/pdf/99wp214.pdf (accessed 19.07.2018).
[13]	Zubets A. N., Novikov A. V. Quantitative Assessment of the Value of Human Life in Russia and in the World. Finance: Theory and Practice. Vol. 22, No. 4’2018.
[14]	https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki.
[15]	https://imemo.ru/files/File/magazines/Osn_pokaz_ME/2020/FullText2020.pdf Givi Machavariani, World Economy Forecasting, IMEMO.

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APA Style

Vadim Azarov, Vadim Kutenev. (2021). Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage. American Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 5(2), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14

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ACS Style

Vadim Azarov; Vadim Kutenev. Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage. Am. J. Artif. Intell. 2021, 5(2), 76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14

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AMA Style

Vadim Azarov, Vadim Kutenev. Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage. Am J Artif Intell. 2021;5(2):76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14,
  author = {Vadim Azarov and Vadim Kutenev},
  title = {Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage},
  journal = {American Journal of Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {76-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajai.20210502.14},
  abstract = {Currently, the planet population is terrified of the deaths of more than 4 million people from the coronavirus as they do not know that, according to the WHO, about 8 million of the population die annually in silence from urban atmosphere pollution by and with hazardous substances and particulate matters from the industry and automobile transport operation. These materials show the results of Russian studies proving that current urban pollution shall be defined not only by hazardous substances and particulate matters emitted with vehicle exhaust gases, but also by particulate matters from vehicle operation, first of all, from asphalt roadway wear, from tyre wear and from brake systems wear, which are not legally regulated either by nations or at the international level (UN Regulations) yet. The Russian studies (2015-2017) are presented regarding the comparative analysis of average emissions of particulate matters less than 2.5 microns (µm) from different sources: with exhaust gases (EG) (25%); from wear of brake systems (5%); from wear of tyres (8%) and from wear of roadways (65%), which were substantially confirmed by the studies conducted in Great Britain: from EG – 32%; from tyres – 18%; from brakes – 18% and from wear of roadways – 40%. Based on these results of the comprehensive studies, calculations of economic damage caused by the ecological situations and technogenic disasters of the current and future periods analyzed above, which amount to 65 quadrillion (65•1015) US dollars for the today's world and ca. 100 million dollars for the Russian Federation. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2018, 9 out of 10 people around the world breathe air with high concentrations of pollutants. For that very reason, from 7 to 8 million people die annually because of the consequences of breathing the air containing particulate matters less than 2.5-10 µm in size which are able to penetrate deep inside the lungs and cardiovascular system, causing such diseases as stroke, cardiac diseases, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory infections, including pneumonia.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage
AU  - Vadim Azarov
AU  - Vadim Kutenev
Y1  - 2021/11/25
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14
T2  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
JF  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
JO  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
SP  - 76
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9733
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14
AB  - Currently, the planet population is terrified of the deaths of more than 4 million people from the coronavirus as they do not know that, according to the WHO, about 8 million of the population die annually in silence from urban atmosphere pollution by and with hazardous substances and particulate matters from the industry and automobile transport operation. These materials show the results of Russian studies proving that current urban pollution shall be defined not only by hazardous substances and particulate matters emitted with vehicle exhaust gases, but also by particulate matters from vehicle operation, first of all, from asphalt roadway wear, from tyre wear and from brake systems wear, which are not legally regulated either by nations or at the international level (UN Regulations) yet. The Russian studies (2015-2017) are presented regarding the comparative analysis of average emissions of particulate matters less than 2.5 microns (µm) from different sources: with exhaust gases (EG) (25%); from wear of brake systems (5%); from wear of tyres (8%) and from wear of roadways (65%), which were substantially confirmed by the studies conducted in Great Britain: from EG – 32%; from tyres – 18%; from brakes – 18% and from wear of roadways – 40%. Based on these results of the comprehensive studies, calculations of economic damage caused by the ecological situations and technogenic disasters of the current and future periods analyzed above, which amount to 65 quadrillion (65•1015) US dollars for the today's world and ca. 100 million dollars for the Russian Federation. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2018, 9 out of 10 people around the world breathe air with high concentrations of pollutants. For that very reason, from 7 to 8 million people die annually because of the consequences of breathing the air containing particulate matters less than 2.5-10 µm in size which are able to penetrate deep inside the lungs and cardiovascular system, causing such diseases as stroke, cardiac diseases, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory infections, including pneumonia.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Vadim Azarov

Economic Department, PJSC Tatneft, Moscow, Russia
Vadim Kutenev

Power Plants for Transport and Small-scale Energy Department, Moscow Polytech University, Moscow, Russia

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APA Style

Vadim Azarov, Vadim Kutenev. (2021). Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage. American Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 5(2), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14

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ACS Style

Vadim Azarov; Vadim Kutenev. Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage. Am. J. Artif. Intell. 2021, 5(2), 76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14

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AMA Style

Vadim Azarov, Vadim Kutenev. Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage. Am J Artif Intell. 2021;5(2):76-81. doi: 10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14,
  author = {Vadim Azarov and Vadim Kutenev},
  title = {Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage},
  journal = {American Journal of Artificial Intelligence},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {76-81},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajai.20210502.14},
  abstract = {Currently, the planet population is terrified of the deaths of more than 4 million people from the coronavirus as they do not know that, according to the WHO, about 8 million of the population die annually in silence from urban atmosphere pollution by and with hazardous substances and particulate matters from the industry and automobile transport operation. These materials show the results of Russian studies proving that current urban pollution shall be defined not only by hazardous substances and particulate matters emitted with vehicle exhaust gases, but also by particulate matters from vehicle operation, first of all, from asphalt roadway wear, from tyre wear and from brake systems wear, which are not legally regulated either by nations or at the international level (UN Regulations) yet. The Russian studies (2015-2017) are presented regarding the comparative analysis of average emissions of particulate matters less than 2.5 microns (µm) from different sources: with exhaust gases (EG) (25%); from wear of brake systems (5%); from wear of tyres (8%) and from wear of roadways (65%), which were substantially confirmed by the studies conducted in Great Britain: from EG – 32%; from tyres – 18%; from brakes – 18% and from wear of roadways – 40%. Based on these results of the comprehensive studies, calculations of economic damage caused by the ecological situations and technogenic disasters of the current and future periods analyzed above, which amount to 65 quadrillion (65•1015) US dollars for the today's world and ca. 100 million dollars for the Russian Federation. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2018, 9 out of 10 people around the world breathe air with high concentrations of pollutants. For that very reason, from 7 to 8 million people die annually because of the consequences of breathing the air containing particulate matters less than 2.5-10 µm in size which are able to penetrate deep inside the lungs and cardiovascular system, causing such diseases as stroke, cardiac diseases, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory infections, including pneumonia.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modern Invisible Hazard of Urban Air Environment Pollution When Operating Vehicles That Causes Large Economic Damage
AU  - Vadim Azarov
AU  - Vadim Kutenev
Y1  - 2021/11/25
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14
T2  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
JF  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
JO  - American Journal of Artificial Intelligence
SP  - 76
EP  - 81
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2639-9733
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajai.20210502.14
AB  - Currently, the planet population is terrified of the deaths of more than 4 million people from the coronavirus as they do not know that, according to the WHO, about 8 million of the population die annually in silence from urban atmosphere pollution by and with hazardous substances and particulate matters from the industry and automobile transport operation. These materials show the results of Russian studies proving that current urban pollution shall be defined not only by hazardous substances and particulate matters emitted with vehicle exhaust gases, but also by particulate matters from vehicle operation, first of all, from asphalt roadway wear, from tyre wear and from brake systems wear, which are not legally regulated either by nations or at the international level (UN Regulations) yet. The Russian studies (2015-2017) are presented regarding the comparative analysis of average emissions of particulate matters less than 2.5 microns (µm) from different sources: with exhaust gases (EG) (25%); from wear of brake systems (5%); from wear of tyres (8%) and from wear of roadways (65%), which were substantially confirmed by the studies conducted in Great Britain: from EG – 32%; from tyres – 18%; from brakes – 18% and from wear of roadways – 40%. Based on these results of the comprehensive studies, calculations of economic damage caused by the ecological situations and technogenic disasters of the current and future periods analyzed above, which amount to 65 quadrillion (65•1015) US dollars for the today's world and ca. 100 million dollars for the Russian Federation. According to the data of the World Health Organization (WHO), as of 2018, 9 out of 10 people around the world breathe air with high concentrations of pollutants. For that very reason, from 7 to 8 million people die annually because of the consequences of breathing the air containing particulate matters less than 2.5-10 µm in size which are able to penetrate deep inside the lungs and cardiovascular system, causing such diseases as stroke, cardiac diseases, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory infections, including pneumonia.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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